How to install Envy24 Audiophile 2496 M-audio sound card in Ubuntu with terminal?

How to install Envy24 Audiophile 2496 M-audio sound card (alsa-tools alsa-tools-gui) in Ubuntu with terminal? 

Open the terminal (CTRL + ALT + T)  

$ sudo apt-get update 
$ sudo apt-get install alsa-tools alsa-tools-gui 

After installation start Envy24 mixer and go to "Analog Volume" tab.

Tested: Ubuntu 12.04 LTS, 14.04 LTS, 16.04 LTS, unity and gnome, 32 bit and 64 bit system

How to install VPN package in Lubuntu with terminal?

How to install VPN package (network-manager-pptp and pptp-linux) in Lubuntu with terminal?

Open the terminal (CTRL + ALT + T)

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install network-manager-pptp pptp-linux
$ sudo reboot

How to defrag linux partition using e4defrag?

How to install and defragmated linux partition ext4 ext3 using "e4defrag" with terminal?


Open the terminal (CTRL + ALT + T)

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install e4defrag


Open the terminal (CTRL + ALT + T)


$ sudo e4defrag -c /

$ sudo e4defrag -v /

or only directory

$ sudo e4defrag -c /home/


ibm@ibmr60e-ThinkPad-R60e:~$ sudo e4defrag 
Usage : e4defrag [-v] file...| directory...| device...
: e4defrag  -c  file...| directory...| device...




ibm@ibmr60e-ThinkPad-R60e:~$ sudo e4defrag -c /
<Fragmented files>                             now/best       size/ext
1. /var/log/syslog                               2/1            4 KB
2. /var/log/lastlog                              2/1            6 KB
3. /home/ibm/.mozilla/firefox/ilpwg9sp.default/cert8.db
                                                 2/1           66 KB
4. /home/ibm/.config/chromium/BrowserMetrics-active.pma
                                                 6/1          182 KB
5. /home/ibm/.config/chromium/Default/Current Session
                                                 3/1          172 KB

 Total/best extents 121685/121597
 Average size per extent 97 KB
 Fragmentation score 0
 [0-30 no problem: 31-55 a little bit fragmented: 56- needs defrag]
 This directory (/) does not need defragmentation.
 Done.




ibm@ibmr60e-ThinkPad-R60e:~$ sudo e4defrag -v /
....
...
..
[179130/179143]/bin/mount: 100%  extents: 1 -> 1 [ OK ]
[179131/179143]/bin/unicode_start: 100%  extents: 1 -> 1 [ OK ]
[179132/179143]/bin/loadkeys: 100%  extents: 1 -> 1 [ OK ]
[179133/179143] "/bin/bzcmp"
File is not regular file [ NG ]
[179134/179143]/bin/udevadm: 100%  extents: 1 -> 1 [ OK ]
[179135/179143]/bin/sleep: 100%  extents: 1 -> 1 [ OK ]
[179136/179143]/bin/zgrep: 100%  extents: 1 -> 1 [ OK ]
[179137/179143]/bin/ed: 100%  extents: 1 -> 1 [ OK ]
[179138/179143]/bin/ntfsfix: 100%  extents: 1 -> 1 [ OK ]
[179139/179143]/bin/bzcat: 100%  extents: 1 -> 1 [ OK ]
[179140/179143]/bin/loginctl: 100%  extents: 1 -> 1 [ OK ]
[179141/179143]/bin/ntfsdump_logfile: 100%  extents: 1 -> 1 [ OK ]
[179142/179143]/bin/gzip: 100%  extents: 1 -> 1 [ OK ]
[179143/179143]/bin/kbd_mode: 100%  extents: 1 -> 1 [ OK ]

Success: [ 121512/179143 ]
Failure: [ 57631/179143 ]
Total extents: 121583->121575
Fragmented percentage:  0%->0%

How to disable google analytics tracking in host file?

How to disable google analytics advertising tracking in host file? 

Open the terminal (CTRL + ALT + T)

$ sudo gedit /etc/hosts

(gedit or leafpad or nano)

copy in hosts file, save and reboot Ubuntu

127.0.0.1 www.google-analytics.com # block Analytics
127.0.0.1 ssl.google-analytics.com
127.0.0.1 google-analytics.com
127.0.0.1 www.googleadservices.com # block remarketing
127.0.0.1 googleadservices.com